Root canal treatment may be required in the following cases:

• Fractured Tooth: When a patient experiences a fractured tooth due to trauma, root canal treatment may be necessary to address the damage.
• Severe Infection / Decay: If a tooth is severely infected or decayed, a root canal becomes necessary to remove the infected pulp and prevent further spread of the infection.
• Complications from Restorative Dentistry: Sometimes, complications can arise as a result of previous restorative dental procedures. In such cases, a root canal may be recommended to resolve the issue and restore oral health. 

Typically, the following symptoms indicate the need for a root canal:

• Severe Pain while Eating, Biting, or Chewing: Persistent and intense pain during normal dental activities can be a sign that the tooth’s pulp is affected and requires treatment.
• Severe Tooth Decay: When tooth decay has reached an advanced stage, causing significant damage to the tooth structure, a root canal procedure may be necessary to salvage the tooth.
• Prolonged Sensitivity to Temperature: If a patient experiences severe and long-lasting sensitivity to hot or cold food and beverages, even after the stimuli have been removed, it may indicate a need for root canal treatment.
• Swollen Gums near Infected Tooth: Swelling and inflammation of the gums in the vicinity of an infected tooth can indicate the presence of an underlying dental problem that may require root canal therapy.
• Discoloration of Gums: Gums turning black or dark may indicate a serious infection in the tooth, prompting the need for root canal treatment.
• Formation of Bumps near Infected Tooth: The development of bumps, abscesses, or pustules near the infected tooth may signify the presence of an infection that requires root canal therapy to address the underlying cause.
• Pus Discharge from Teeth or Gums: If there is visible discharge of pus from the teeth or gums, it is a clear indication of an infection that necessitates immediate root canal treatment.

It’s important to note that these symptoms are not exhaustive, and a proper diagnosis by a qualified dentist is essential to determine if root canal treatment is required.

When the dental pulp, which contains blood vessels and nerves, is injured, it can lead to various consequences. If the pulp becomes infected or inflamed, a root canal treatment is often necessary to prevent further infection and alleviate associated symptoms. The most common causes of pulp inflammation or infection include cracked teeth, severe cavities, or other significant injuries to the tooth. These conditions provide pathways for bacteria to enter the tooth and infect the pulp. Therefore, timely intervention through root canal treatment is crucial to address the underlying infection and restore oral health.

The removal of damaged and/or infected pulp tissue during a root canal treatment is essential for several reasons. Firstly, leaving the pulp untreated can lead to the infection spreading to the surrounding tissues, causing increased pain and swelling. Even if the patient does not experience immediate pain, bacteria can still accumulate and harm the bone that supports the affected tooth within the jaw.

Neglecting to perform a root canal treatment can result in a severe and potentially life-threatening infection. In such cases, the only remaining option may be to extract the entire tooth at a later stage. By removing the damaged or infected pulp, the risk of further complications and the need for tooth extraction can be avoided. Therefore, timely removal of the pulp through a root canal treatment is crucial for preserving the tooth and preventing the spread of infection.

The removal of a tooth without replacement can lead to several potential complications. One major issue is the potential shifting of neighbouring teeth, which can result in difficulties with biting and chewing. Moreover, the movement of teeth can make it more challenging to maintain proper oral hygiene, increasing the risk of gum disease and other dental problems.

Root canal treatment offers a solution to prevent these problems by preserving the natural tooth. By saving the affected tooth through root canal treatment, the need for tooth replacement and the associated issues can be avoided. Additionally, root canal treatment is often a more cost-effective option compared to the expense of replacing a missing tooth.

Therefore, opting for root canal treatment can not only maintain the natural tooth’s functionality but also provide economic benefits.

During a root canal treatment procedure, it is common to require multiple visits to your dentist or endodontist. They will take all necessary steps to save your tooth. The following outlines the typical process you can expect during a root canal treatment:

• Numbing the Area: Your dentist will administer local anaesthesia to ensure you are comfortable and minimise any pain. They will also place a thin latex rubber sheet, called a dental dam, over the tooth to keep it dry during the procedure.
• Accessing the Pulp Cavity: A small hole will be created in the tooth’s crown, providing access to the pulp cavity.
• Removal of Dental Pulp: The infected or damaged dental pulp will be carefully extracted from the pulp cavity and root canals. The dentist will thoroughly clean and shape the root canals in preparation for filling.
• Medication and Disinfection: Medication may be placed inside the pulp cavity and root canals to eliminate bacteria and promote healing.
• Root Canal Sealing: A material called Gutta Percha, a natural plant extract, will be used to seal the root canals and prevent reinfection.
• Temporary Filling: The tooth will be temporarily filled to protect the root canals from infection. In case the infection has spread beyond the root ends, the dentist may prescribe antibiotics. It is important to follow the prescribed medication instructions and contact your dentist if any issues arise.
• Final Restoration: In the next phase of treatment, the previously placed temporary filling will be removed. Your tooth will be restored using a filling or crown, which will strengthen it and improve its appearance. If an endodontist performed the root canal treatment, your general dentist will handle this final restoration step.

It’s important to note that each case may vary, and your dentist will provide personalised guidance throughout the root canal treatment process.

Dental crowns can be crafted using a variety of materials, and the choice of material depends on several factors including the location of the tooth, the amount of natural tooth structure remaining, patient preferences, and the dentist’s professional judgement in determining the most suitable option for each individual. Your dentist will consider your specific dental needs to recommend the appropriate material for your dental crown.

If the root canal procedure is performed effectively and proper oral care is maintained, a restored tooth can last for many years in excellent condition. However, it’s important to note that like natural teeth, a restored tooth is still susceptible to potential issues. Decay, fractures, and gum disease can affect the restored tooth and the surrounding tissues.

To ensure the longevity of a restored tooth, it is crucial to practise good oral hygiene habits. This includes brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing regularly, and using mouthwash as recommended by your dentist. Additionally, regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential to monitor the health of your mouth and address any potential issues before they become significant problems.

By maintaining proper oral care and seeking regular professional dental care, you can help ensure the long-term success and health of your restored tooth following a root canal procedure.